Open thinking, closed questioning: Two kinds of open and closed question

Anesthesia in Cardiac Surgery (Open-Closed Heart)

In this paper the duties of an anesthesiologist and his right of i=;electing patient is discussed. La,ter, we di:=:cuss the <::mergencies cf heart surgery, pre up visit and alsc few dcails of pre up medication cf thei,e pati<mts. We also touch on the stages of anesthPsia and point to our preference for the use cf artery and vein for arterial and venous cannulation. In this paper we discuss in b...

Open. Closed. Open

As a window into the subject, we recount some of the history (and geography) of two mature, challenging, partially open, partially closed problems in the theory of rewriting (numbers 13 and 21 from the original RTA List of Open Problems). One problem deals with (criteria for left-linear) confluence and the other with termination (of one linear or string rule), the two paradigmatic properties of...

Critical Thinking and EFL Students’ Performance on Open and Closed Reading Tasks

On weakly e*-open and weakly e*-closed Functions

The aim of this paper is to introduce and study two new classes of functions called weakly $e^{*}$-open functions and weakly $e^{*}$-closed functions via the concept of $e^{*}$-open set defined by Ekici cite{erd1}. The notions of weakly $e^{*}$-open and weakly $e^{*}$-closed functions are weaker than the notions of weakly $beta$-open and weakly $beta$-closed functions defined by Caldas and Nava...

Relation Extraction for Open and Closed Domain Question Answering

One of the most accurate methods in Question Answering uses off-line information extraction to find answers for frequently asked questions. It requires automatic extraction from text of all relation instances for relations that users frequently ask for. In this chapter, we present two methods for learning relation instances for relations relevant in a closed and open domain (medical) question a...